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Good practices checklist
Cement
Obtain Cement Test Certificate
Check the parameters of cement, mainly compressive strength, setting time and chemical parameters
Blended cement is recommended by experts from durability perspective
Cement should be stored in weather proof building
Stacking of bags should not be against the wall
Cement should be used within three months from date of manufacture
Aggregates
Check the size of aggregates. Coarse aggregate to be between 4.75 mm and 20 mm. Fine aggregate to be less than 4.75 mm
Check the source of both types of aggregates
Check the distribution using sieve analysis
Water
Should be of potable quality
pH value should not be less than 6
Chemical Admixtures
Check the quality of admixtures with respect to
Dry material content
Ash content
Relative density
Chloride content
pH
Check cement-admixture compatibility and quantity of admixture to be added
Concrete Mix proportioning
It is recommended that mix design be carried out to determine the proportion of each ingredient used in concrete
Specify the required compressive strength and required workability of concrete
Determine the water-cement ratio based on workability, compressive strength and durability criteria
Conduct trial mixes with various proportions
Batching and Mixing
Check whether batching of ingredients are by weight or by volume. Weight batching is recommended
Check whether mixing is by machine or hand. Machine mixing is preferred
Check whether the mixture is clean, as concrete stuck to the blades of the mixture may affect quality of concrete
Ensure water-cement ratio is controlled
Transportation of concrete
Check the distance between concrete mixing and delivery
Transportation over small distances is recommended
Check for segregation during transportation
Placing and compacting concrete
Ensure concrete is placed before setting
Adopt measures to compact concrete
Care to be taken to avoid displacement of form work and reinforcement
Care to be taken to avoid under or over vibration of concrete
Curing
Ensure satisfactory temperature regime is maintained by preventing loss of moisture
Maintain enough water through appropriate methods like ponding, immersion, spraying and saturated wet covers
Ensure curing for sufficient period. Minimum 14 days is recommended. The longer the curing period better is the quality of concrete
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